CONTENTS
FOREWORD 8
1Scope 10
2Normative references 10
3Terms and definitions 11
3.1General terms and definitions 11
3.2Assemblies of switchgear and controlgear 11
3.3Parts of assemblies 11
3.4Switching devices 12
3.5Parts of switchgear and controlgear 12
3.6Operational characteristics of switchgear and controlgear 13
3.7Characteristic quantities 13
3.8Index of definitions 17
4Normal and special service conditions 18
5Ratings 18
5.1General 18
5.2Rated voltage (Ur) 18
5.3Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us) 18
5.4Rated frequency (fr) 18
5.5Rated continuous current (Ir) 18
5.6Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) 19
5.7Rated peak withstand current (Ip) 19
5.8Rated duration of short-circuit (tk) 19
5.9Rated supply voltage of auxiliary circuits and control circuits (Ua) 19
5.10Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits 19
5.11Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems 19
5.101Rated mainly active load-breaking current (Iload) 19
5.102Rated closed-loop breaking current (Iloop) 19
5.103Rated parallel power transformer breaking current for special purpose
switches (Ipptr) 19
5.104Rated cable-charging breaking current (Icc) 19
5.105Rated line-charging breaking current (Ilc) 19
5.106Rated single capacitor bank breaking current for special purpose switches (Isb) 20
5.107Rated back-to-back capacitor bank breaking current for special purpose
switches (Ibb) 20
5.108Rated back-to-back capacitor bank inrush making current for special
purpose switches (Iin) 20
5.109Rated earth fault breaking current (Ief1) 20
5.110Rated cable- and line-charging breaking current under earth fault conditions
(Ief2) 20
5.111Rated motor breaking current for special purpose switches (Imot) 20
5.112Rated short-circuit making current (Ima) 21
5.113Types of switches and their associated ratings 21
5.113.1Types of switches 21
5.113.2Rated making and breaking currents for general purpose switches 21
5.113.3Rated making and breaking currents for limited purpose switches 22
5.113.4Rated making and breaking currents for special purpose switches 22
5.113.5Ratings for switches backed by fuses 22
5.114Mechanical endurance class of switches 23
5.114.1Class M1 switch 23
5.114.2Class M2 switch 23
5.115Electrical endurance class of general purpose switches 23
5.115.1Class E1 general purpose switch 23
5.115.2Class E2 general purpose switch 23
5.115.3Class E3 general purpose switch 23
5.116Capacitive breaking capability class of switches 23
5.116.1General 23
5.116.2Class C1 switch 23
5.116.3Class C2 switch 24
6Design and construction 24
6.1Requirements for liquids in switchgear and controlgear 24
6.2Requirements for gases in switchgear and controlgear 24
6.3Earthing of switchgear and controlgear 24
6.4Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits 24
6.5Dependent power operation 24
6.6Stored energy operation 24
6.7Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation) 24
6.8Manually operated actuators 24
6.9Operation of releases 24
6.10Pressure/level indication 24
6.11Nameplates 25
6.11.1General 25
6.11.2Application 25
6.12Locking devices 27
6.13Position indication 27
6.14Degrees of protection provided by enclosures 27
6.15Creepage distances for outdoor insulators 27
6.16Gas and vacuum tightness 27
6.17Tightness for liquid systems 27
6.18Fire hazard (flammability) 27
6.19Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 28
6.20X-ray emission 28
6.21Corrosion 28
6.22Filling levels for insulation, switching and/or operation 28
6.101Making and breaking operations 28
6.102Requirements for switch-disconnectors 28
6.103Mechanical strength 28
6.104Securing the position 28
6.105Indication and signalling of position 28
6.105.1General requirements 28
6.105.2Indication of position 29
6.105.3Signalling of position by auxiliary contacts 30
6.106No-load transformer breaking 30
7Type tests 30
7.1General 30
7.1.1Basics 30
7.1.2Information for identification of test objects 31
7.1.3Information to be included in the type-test reports 31
7.2Dielectric tests 31
7.2.9Artificial pollution tests for outdoor insulators 31
7.2.10Partial discharge tests 31
7.3Radio interference voltage (RIV) test 31
7.4Resistance measurement 32
7.5Continuous current tests 32
7.6Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests 32
7.6.1General 32
7.6.2Arrangement of the equipment and of the test circuit 32
7.6.3Test current and duration 32
7.6.4Conditions of the test object after test 32
7.7Verification of the protection 32
7.8Tightness tests 32
7.9Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests 32
7.10Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits 32
7.10.1General 32
7.10.2Functional tests 32
7.10.3Verification of the operational characteristics of auxiliary contacts 33
7.10.4Environmental tests 33
7.10.5Dielectric test 33
7.11X-radiation test for vacuum interrupters 33
7.101Making and breaking tests 33
7.101.1Test duties for general purpose switches 33
7.101.2Test duties for limited purpose switches 36
7.101.3Test duties for special purpose switches 36
7.101.4Arrangement of the switch for tests 37
7.101.5Earthing of test circuit and switch 38
7.101.6Test parameters 38
7.101.7Test circuits 41
7.101.8Behaviour of switch during breaking tests 56
7.101.9Condition of switch after breaking tests and short-circuit making tests 57
7.101.10Type-test reports 57
7.102Mechanical and environmental tests 59
7.102.1Miscellaneous provisions for mechanical and environmental tests 59
7.102.2Mechanical operation test at ambient air temperature 60
7.102.3Low and high temperature tests 61
7.102.4Humidity test on auxiliary and control circuits 65
7.102.5Operation under severe ice conditions 67
7.102.6Tests to verify the proper functioning of the position-indicating device 67
7.103Common checks after tests 68
7.103.1Checking the capability of the switch to carry its rated continuous current 68
7.103.2Checking the integrity of vacuum in case of a switch using a vacuum interrupter 69
8Routine tests 70
8.101General 70
8.102Mechanical operating tests 70
9Guide to the selection of switchgear and controlgear (informative) 70
9.101General 70
9.102Conditions affecting application 70
9.103Insulation coordination 71
9.104Selection of class of switch 71
9.104.1General purpose switch 71
9.104.2Limited purpose switch 71
9.104.3Special purpose switch 71
9.105Tests for special applications 71
10Information to be given with inquiries, tenders and orders (informative) 71
10.1General 71
10.2Information with inquiries and orders 72
10.3Information with tenders 72
11Transport, storage, installation, operating instructions and maintenance 73
12Safety 73
13Influence of the product on the environment 73
Annex A (normative) Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 74
Annex B (informative) Explanation of the determination for the value of Ief1 and Ief2 76
B.1Usage of rating Ief1 and Ief2 76
B.1.1General 76
B.1.2Isolated neutral system 76
B.1.3High impedance earthed neutral systems 78
B.1.4Resonant earthed neutral systems (Petersen coil) 79
B.1.5Synthesis 80
B.2Calculation of Ief1 and Ief2 81
B.2.1General 81
B.2.2Calculation of Ief1 84
B.2.3Calculation of Ief2 84
Annex C (informative) List of notes concerning certain countries 86
Bibliography 87
Figure 1 – Position-indicating/signalling device(s) 29
Figure 2 – Three-phase test circuit for mainly active load current switching for test
duty TDload 42
Figure 3 – Single-phase test circuit for mainly active load current switching for test
duty TDload 43
Figure 4 – Three-phase test circuit for distribution line closed-loop and parallel
transformer current switching test for test duties TDloop and TDpptr 45
Figure 5 – Single-phase test circuit for distribution line closed-loop and parallel
transformer current switching test, for test duties TDloop and TDpptr 45
Figure 6 – General test circuit for three- and single-phase capacitive switching tests 51
Figure 7 – Prospective recovery voltage and related specified parameter values for
capacitive current breaking tests 53
Figure 8 – Three-phase test circuit for earth fault breaking current tests, for test
duty TDef1 54
Figure 9 – Three-phase test circuit for cable-charging breaking current tests under
earth fault conditions, for test duty TDef2 55
Figure 10 – Three-phase test circuit for short-circuit making current test for test
duty TDma 55
Figure 11 – Single-phase test circuit for short-circuit making current test for test
duty TDma 56
Figure 12 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests 62
Figure 13 – Humidity test 66
Figure B.1 – Earth fault in isolated neutral system 76
Figure B.2 – Capacitive current in non-faulty phases of isolated neutral system 78
Figure B.3 – Earth fault in high impedance earthed neutral system 79
Figure B.4 – Earth fault in resonant or compensate earthed neutral system 80
Figure B.5 – Example of sequence to find and isolate a faulty branch in an overhead network 82
Figure B.6 – Example of sequence to find and isolate a faulty branch in a cable network 83
Table 1 – Preferred values of rated line- and cable-charging breaking currents for
general purpose switches 22
Table 2 – Nameplate information 25
Table 3 – Test duties for general purpose switches – Test duties for three-phase tests
on three-pole operated, general purpose switches 34
Table 4 – Test duties for general purpose switches – Single-phase tests on three-pole general purpose switches operated pole-after-pole and single-pole general purpose
switches applied on three-phase systems 34
Table 5 – Test duties for special purpose switches – Three-phase tests on three-pole operated switches 36
Table 6 – Test duties for special purpose switches – Single-phase tests on three-pole switches operated pole-after-pole and single-pole switches applied on three-phase
systems 37
Table 7 – Summary of the conditions for combining tests and alternative procedures 39
Table 8 – Supply circuit TRV parameters for mainly active load current breaking testsa 43
Table 9 – TRV parameters for distribution line closed loop breaking tests 46
Table 10 – TRV parameters for parallel power transformer breaking current tests 47
Table 11 – Prospective recovery voltage parameter limits for capacitive current
breaking tests 53
Table A.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 74
Table B.1 – Need of ratings Ief1 and Ief2 in non-effectively earthed neutral systems 80
T-a-``b`,,,l`e`````B```,.``2``,``–`````V,-`-a`,,l`,u,`,e`,,s` relating to the examples in Figure B.5 and Figure B.6 for
capacitance and capacitive current for cables and overhead lines [6], [10], [11] 85
Table B.3 – Values for Ief2 85
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –
Part 103: Alternating current switches for rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 is applicable to three-phase, alternating current switches and switch- disconnectors for their switching function, having making and breaking current ratings, for indoor and outdoor installations, for rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and for rated frequencies from 16 2/3 Hz up to and including 60 Hz. This document is also applicable to single-pole switches used on three-phase systems.
This document is also applicable to the operating devices of these switches and to their auxiliary equipment.
For switch-disconnectors, refer also to IEC 62271-102 for their disconnecting function. Devices not covered by this document are:
–devices that require a dependent manual operation;
–earthing switches. Earthing switches forming an integral part of a switch are covered by IEC 62271-102;
–switching devices attached as an element of a high-voltage fuse assembly or its mounting and operated by opening and closing the fuse assembly.
General principles and provisions of this document can also be applicable to single pole switches intended for application in single-phase systems, the requirements for dielectric tests and making and breaking tests being in accordance with the requirements of the specific application.
This document establishes requirements for general, limited and special purpose switches used in distribution systems.
NOTE Except where special clarification is required, the term "switch" is used to refer to all kinds of switches and switch-disconnectors within the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-441, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 441: Switchgear, controlgear and fuses (available at http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:1999 IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:2013
IEC 62262:2002, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
IEC 62271-1:2017, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62271-102:2018, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 102: Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches
IEC 62271-110:2017, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 110: Inductive load switching
Bibliography
[1]IEC 60059, IEC standard current ratings
[2]IEC 62271-105, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 105: Alternating current switch-fuse combinations for rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
[3]IEC 62271-200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
[4]IEC 62271-201, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 201: AC solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
[5]IEC 60507, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used on a.c. systems
[6]IEC 62271-100, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: Alternating-current circuit-breakers
[7]IEC TR 62271-306, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers
[8]IEC 60071-1, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
[9]NEXANS catalogue, 6-36 kV Medium Voltage Underground Power Cables
[10]ABB Technical guide, 6th edition 2010 electrical installation handbook , p310
[11]CIGRE GREEN BOOKS, Overhead Lines