CONTENTS
FOREWORD 9
1Scope 12
2Normative references 12
3Terms and definitions 13
3.1General terms and definitions 13
3.2Assemblies of switchgear and controlgear 14
3.3Parts of assemblies 14
3.4Switching devices 14
3.5Parts of switching devices 15
3.6Operation 18
3.7Characteristic quantities 19
3.8Index of definitions 24
4Normal and special service conditions 26
5Ratings 26
5.1General 26
5.2Rated voltage (Ur) 27
5.3Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us) 27
5.4Rated frequency (fr) 27
5.5Rated continuous current (Ir) 27
5.6Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) 27
5.7Rated peak withstand current (Ip) 27
5.8Rated duration of short-circuit (tk) 28
5.9Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua) 28
5.10Rated supply frequency of auxiliary circuits and control circuits 28
5.11Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems 28
5.11.101Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for insulation and/or
switching 28
5.11.102Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for operation 28
5.101Rated short-circuit making current (Ima) 28
5.102Classification of earthing switches for short-circuit making 28
5.103Rated contact zone 29
5.104Rated static mechanical terminal load 29
5.105Classification of disconnectors for mechanical endurance 30
5.106Classification of earthing switches for mechanical endurance 31
5.107Rated ice-coating 31
5.108Rated values of disconnectors for bus-transfer current switching 31
5.108.1Rated bus-transfer current 31
5.108.2Rated bus-transfer voltage 32
5.109Classification and rated values of earthing switches for induced current
switching 32
5.110Classification and rated values of disconnectors for bus-charging current
switching 33
6Design and construction 34
6.1Requirements for liquids in disconnectors and earthing switches 34
6.2Requirements for gases in disconnectors and earthing switches 34
Earthing of disconnectors and earthing switches 34
6.4Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits 35
6.5Dependent power operation 35
6.6Stored energy operation 35
6.7Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation) 35
6.8Manually operated actuators 35
6.9Operation of releases 35
6.10Pressure/level indication 35
6.11Nameplates 35
6.12Locking devices 38
6.13Position indication 38
6.14Degree of protection provided by enclosures 38
6.15Creepage distances for outdoor insulators 38
6.16Gas and vacuum tightness 38
6.17Tightness for liquid systems 38
6.18Fire hazard (flammability) 38
6.19Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 38
6.20X-ray emission 38
6.21Corrosion 38
6.22Filling levels for insulation, switching and/or operation 39
6.101Particular requirements for earthing switches 39
6.102Requirements in respect of the isolating distance of disconnectors 39
6.103Mechanical strength 39
6.104Operation of disconnectors and earthing switches – Position of the movable
contact system and its indicating and signalling devices 40
6.104.1Securing of position 40
6.104.2Additional requirements for power-operated mechanisms 40
6.104.3Indication and signalling of position 40
6.105Maximum force required for manual (dependent or independent) operation 41
6.105.1General 41
6.105.2Operation requiring more than one revolution 42
6.105.3Operation requiring up to one revolution 42
6.106Dimensional tolerances 42
6.107Earthing switches with short-circuit making current capability 42
7Type tests 42
7.1General 42
7.1.1Basics 42
7.1.2Information for identification of test objects 44
7.1.3Information to be included in type test reports 44
7.2Dielectric tests 44
7.2.1General 44
7.2.2Ambient air conditions during tests 44
7.2.3Wet test procedure 44
7.2.4Arrangement of the equipment 44
7.2.5Criteria to pass the test 45
7.2.6Application of the test voltage and test conditions 45
7.2.7Tests of disconnectors and earthing switches of Ur 245 kV 45
7.2.8Test of disconnectors and earthing switches of Ur > 245 kV 45
7.2.9Artificial pollution tests for outdoor insulators 45
7.2.10Partial discharge tests 46
7.2.11Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits 46
7.2.12Voltage test as condition check 46
7.3Radio interference voltage (RIV) test 46
7.4Resistance measurement 46
7.5Continuous current tests 46
7.6Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests 46
7.6.1General 46
7.6.2Arrangement of the disconnectors and earthing switches and of the test
circuit 46
7.6.3Test current and duration 52
7.6.4Conditions of disconnectors and earthing switches after test 52
7.7Verification of the protection 53
7.8Tightness tests 53
7.9Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC) 53
7.10Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits 53
7.11X-ray radiation test for vacuum interrupters 53
7.101Test to prove the short-circuit making performance of earthing switches 54
7.101.1General test conditions 54
7.101.2Arrangement of the earthing switch for tests 54
7.101.3Test frequency 54
7.101.4Test voltage 54
7.101.5Test short-circuit making current 55
7.101.6Test circuits 55
7.101.7Test procedures 55
7.101.8Behaviour of earthing switches when making short-circuit currents 56
7.101.9Condition of earthing switch after short-circuit making tests 56
7.101.10Invalid tests 57
7.101.11Type test reports 57
7.102Operating and mechanical endurance tests 58
7.102.1General test conditions 58
7.102.2Contact zone test 58
7.102.3Mechanical endurance test 61
7.102.4Operation during the application of rated static mechanical terminal
loads 63
7.102.5Extended mechanical endurance tests 64
7.102.6Testing of mechanical interlocking devices 65
7.103Operation under severe ice conditions 65
7.103.1General 65
7.103.2Test arrangement 65
7.103.3Test procedure 66
7.104Low- and high-temperature tests 67
7.104.1General 67
7.104.2Measurement of ambient air temperature 68
7.104.3Low-temperature test 68
7.104.4High-temperature test 70
7.105Tests to verify the proper functioning of the position-indicating device 70
7.105.1General 70
7.105.2Tests on the power kinematic chain and the position-indicating
kinematic chain 71
Bus-transfer current switching tests on disconnectors 71
7.106.1General 71
7.106.2Making and breaking tests 71
7.107Induced current switching tests on earthing switches 75
7.107.1General 75
7.107.2Arrangement of the earthing switch for tests 75
7.107.3Earthing of test circuit and earthing switch 76
7.107.4Test frequency 76
7.107.5Test voltage 76
7.107.6Test currents 76
7.107.7Test circuits 76
7.108Bus-charging current switching tests on disconnectors 81
7.108.1General 81
7.108.2Test duties 82
7.108.3Arrangement of the disconnector for tests 82
7.108.4Test frequency 82
7.108.5Test voltages for making and breaking tests 83
7.108.6Test circuits for making and breaking tests 84
7.108.7Performance of making and breaking tests 86
7.108.8Behaviour of the disconnector during making and breaking tests 86
7.108.9Condition after test 87
7.108.10Type test reports 87
7.108.11Requirements for UTVE measurements 88
8Routine tests 88
8.1General 88
8.2Dielectric test on the main circuit 88
8.3Tests on auxiliary and control circuits 89
8.4Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit 89
8.5Tightness test 89
8.6Design and visual checks 89
8.101Mechanical operating tests 89
8.102Verification of earthing function 90
9Guide to the selection of disconnectors and earthing switches (informative) 90
9.1General 90
9.2Selection of rated values 91
9.2.101General 91
9.2.102Selection of rated voltage and rated insulation level 91
9.2.103Selection of rated continuous current 91
9.2.104Selection of rated contact zone 91
9.2.105Selection of rated static mechanical terminal load 92
9.2.106Selection of a bus-transfer current switching capability for
disconnectors of Ur > 52 kV 92
9.2.107Selection of an induced-current switching capability for earthing
switches of Ur > 52 kV 92
9.2.108Selection of rated short-time withstand current and of rated duration of
short-circuit 92
9.2.109Selection of rated peak withstand current and of rated short-circuit
making current for earthing switches 93
9.2.110Selection of short-circuit making capability for earthing switches 93
9.3Cable-interface considerations 93
9.4Continuous or temporary overload due to changed service conditions 93
9.5Environmental aspects 93
9.5.101 Local environmental conditions 93
10Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders (informative) 94
10.1General 94
10.2Information with enquiries and orders 94
10.3Information with tenders 95
11Transport, storage, installation, operating instructions, and maintenance 96
11.1General 96
11.2Conditions during transport, storage and installation 96
11.3Installation 96
11.4Operation 97
11.5Maintenance 97
12Safety 97
12.1General 97
12.2Precautions by manufacturers 97
12.3Precautions by users 97
13Influence of the product on the environment 97
Annex A (informative) Test voltage for the most disadvantageous dielectric position of
an earthing switch during operation (minimum temporary clearance) 98
Annex B (informative) Current-switching capability required of disconnectors and
earthing switches 99
B.1Bus-transfer current switching capability of disconnectors 99
B.2Bus-charging current switching capability of disconnectors 99
B.3Induced current-switching capability of earthing switches 100
Annex C (normative) Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 101
Annex D (normative) Alternative test methods for short-circuit current making tests 103
D.1General 103
D.2Alternative methods 103
D.2.1Synthetic test method with both rated voltage and rated short-circuit
current 103
D.2.2Test methods with reduced voltage 103
Annex E (informative) Extension of validity of type tests 105
E.1General 105
E.2Dielectric tests 105
E.3Short-time withstand current tests 105
E.4Short-circuit making performance of earthing switches 105
E.5Operating and mechanical endurance tests 105
E.6Bus-transfer current switching tests on disconnectors 105
E.7Induced current switching tests on earthing switches 106
Bibliography 107
Figure 1 – Position indicating/signalling device(s) 40
Figure 2 – Three-phase test arrangement for disconnectors and earthing switches 48
Figure 3 – Single-phase test arrangement for disconnectors with a horizontal isolating distance and for earthing switches of Ur > 52 kV, to be used with flexible or with rigid
conductors 49
Figure 4 – Single-phase test arrangement for divided support disconnectors (earthing switches) of Ur > 52 kV with a vertical isolating distance, to be used with flexible conductors 50
Figure 5 – Single-phase test arrangement for divided support disconnectors (earthing switches) of Ur > 52 kV with a vertical isolating distance, to be used with rigid
conductors 51
Figure 6 – Fixed contact parallel to support 59
Figure 7 – Fixed contact perpendicular to support 60
Figure 8 – Example of the application of rated static mechanical terminal loads to a
(divided support) pantograph disconnector (or earthing switch) 61
Figure 9 – Example of the application of rated static mechanical terminal loads to a
two-column disconnector 62
Figure 10 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests 68
Figure 11 – Example of test circuit for bus-transfer current switching tests 73
Figure 12 – Test circuit for electromagnetically induced current switching tests 77
Figure 13 – Test circuits for electrostatically induced current-switching tests 79
Figure 14 – Test circuit for test duty 1 83
Figure 15 – Typical voltage waveform (Including VFT and FT components) 85
Figure 16 – Test circuit for test duty 2 85
Figure 17 – Test circuit for test duty 3 86
Figure B.1 – Examples of resistor-fitted disconnectors 100
Table 1 – Classification of earthing switches for short-circuit making 28
Table 2 – Preferred contact zones for "fixed" contacts supported by flexible
conductors 29
Table 3 – Preferred contact zones for "fixed" contacts supported by rigid conductors 29
Table 4 – Preferred static mechanical terminal loads 30
Table 5 – Classification of disconnectors for mechanical endurance 31
Table 6 – Classification of earthing switches for mechanical endurance 31
Table 7 – Rated bus-transfer voltages of disconnectors 32
Table 8 – Classification of earthing switches for induced-current switching 32
Table 9 – Rated induced currents and voltages 33
Table 10 – Classification of disconnectors for bus-charging switching 34
Table 11 – Standard rated bus-charging currents 34
Table 12 – Product information 36
Table 13 – List of type tests 43
Table 14 – Power frequency withstand voltages 45
Table 15 – Requirements on the instant of making 56
Table 16 – Invalid tests 57
Table 17 – Standard values of recovery voltages for electromagnetically induced
current breaking tests 78
Table 18 – Test circuit capacitances (C1 values) for electrostatically induced current
switching tests 80
Table 19 – Test voltages for making and breaking tests 83
Table 20 – Number of tests 86
Table 21 – Power frequency voltage tests 89
Table B.1 – Average impedances 99
Table C.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 101
Figure 5 – Single-phase test arrangement for divided support disconnectors (earthing switches) of Ur > 52 kV with a vertical isolating distance, to be used with rigid
conductors 51
Figure 6 – Fixed contact parallel to support 59
Figure 7 – Fixed contact perpendicular to support 60
Figure 8 – Example of the application of rated static mechanical terminal loads to a
(divided support) pantograph disconnector (or earthing switch) 61
Figure 9 – Example of the application of rated static mechanical terminal loads to a
two-column disconnector 62
Figure 10 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests 68
Figure 11 – Example of test circuit for bus-transfer current switching tests 73
Figure 12 – Test circuit for electromagnetically induced current switching tests 77
Figure 13 – Test circuits for electrostatically induced current-switching tests 79
Figure 14 – Test circuit for test duty 1 83
Figure 15 – Typical voltage waveform (Including VFT and FT components) 85
Figure 16 – Test circuit for test duty 2 85
Figure 17 – Test circuit for test duty 3 86
Figure B.1 – Examples of resistor-fitted disconnectors 100
Table 1 – Classification of earthing switches for short-circuit making 28
Table 2 – Preferred contact zones for "fixed" contacts supported by flexible
conductors 29
Table 3 – Preferred contact zones for "fixed" contacts supported by rigid conductors 29
Table 4 – Preferred static mechanical terminal loads 30
Table 5 – Classification of disconnectors for mechanical endurance 31
Table 6 – Classification of earthing switches for mechanical endurance 31
Table 7 – Rated bus-transfer voltages of disconnectors 32
Table 8 – Classification of earthing switches for induced-current switching 32
Table 9 – Rated induced currents and voltages 33
Table 10 – Classification of disconnectors for bus-charging switching 34
Table 11 – Standard rated bus-charging currents 34
Table 12 – Product information 36
Table 13 – List of type tests 43
Table 14 – Power frequency withstand voltages 45
Table 15 – Requirements on the instant of making 56
Table 16 – Invalid tests 57
Table 17 – Standard values of recovery voltages for electromagnetically induced
current breaking tests 78
Table 18 – Test circuit capacitances (C1 values) for electrostatically induced current
switching tests 80
Table 19 – Test voltages for making and breaking tests 83
Table 20 – Number of tests 86
Table 21 – Power frequency voltage tests 89
Table B.1 – Average impedances 99
Table C.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 101
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –
Part 102: Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 applies to alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches, designed for indoor and outdoor installations for nominal voltages above 1 000 V and for service frequencies up to and including 60 Hz.
It also applies to the operating devices of these disconnectors and earthing switches and their auxiliary equipment.
Additional requirements for disconnectors and earthing switches in enclosed switchgear and controlgear are given in IEC 62271-200, IEC 62271-201 and IEC 62271-203.
NOTE Disconnectors in which the fuse forms an integral part are not covered by this standard.
This document is also applicable to switching devices having disconnecting and/or earthing functionalities apart from other functions, such as high-speed earthing switch, circuit-breaker and switch-disconnector.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-151, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices
IEC 60050-441, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 441: Switchgear controlgear and fuses
IEC 60050-471, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 471: Insulators
IEC 60050-614, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 614: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity – Operation
IEC 60071-2, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60137, Insulating bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V
IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:1999
IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013
IEC 60865-1, Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects – Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
IEC 62262:2002, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
IEC 62271-1:2017, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62271-100:2008, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: Alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC 62271-100:2008/AMD1:2012
IEC 62271-100:2008/AMD2:2017
IEC 62271-101:2012, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 101: Synthetic testing
IEC 62271-101:2012/AMD1:2017
IEC 62271-200:2011, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-201:2014, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 201: AC solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-203:2011, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
IEC/TR 62271-305, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 305: Capacitive current switching capability of air-insulated disconnectors for rated voltages above 52 kV
ISO 2768-1, General tolerances – Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications
Bibliography
[1]CIGRE TB 570:2014, Switching Phenomena for EHV and UHV Equipment
[2]IEC 60507:2013, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used on a.c. systems
[3]IEC/TS 60815 (all parts), Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions
[4]IEC/TS 60815-1:2008, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions – Part 1: Definitions, information and general principles
[5]IEC 60447:2004, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification – Actuating principles
[6]IEC 60060-1:2010, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
[7]CIGRE TB 260:2004, N2/SF6 mixtures for gas insulated systems